The household is the site of decision-making about a long list of phenomena-elder care, child nutrition, the number of children a woman has, vaccination, the acceptance of queer children, the passing of land between generations, intimate partner violence, and the spread of COVID-19 among roommates, to name a few. Our focus will be intra-household decision-making. This paper presents a framework for modeling intra-group decision-making as well as the interactions between individuals, groups and social norms. However, even multi-scale agent-based models (ABMs) tend to overlook dynamics that happen within groups 1, 2, 3, 4. This entails modeling not only functional groups, but intra-group dynamics. how community members decide whether to host a testing center). how social norms interact with community decisions) and within scales (e.g. If one wants to predict and explain how large-scale social dynamics emerge from behaviors at multiple scales, one needs to model behavior between scales (e.g. Moreover, these outcomes can spread to other social structures and influence social norms at larger scales for example, if one community center minimizes the importance of COVID-19 testing, so might another, which might spread regional beliefs that COVID-19 is a hoax. The conflict and negotiation inherent in intra-group decision-making can generate unexpected or inefficient outcomes at the group scale. These preferences and beliefs are often influenced by social norms for example, some community center members might think COVID-19 is a hoax. When making joint decisions, group members bring heterogeneous preferences and beliefs that can create conflict. For instance, community center members might decide whether to donate parking lot space to a mobile COVID-19 testing center. Third, members of groups must often make joint decisions about how to spend resources, assign responsibilities, and respond to social norms and disturbances. Second, group members have histories with each other that they do not with random individuals, such as long-standing deals between community center members about volunteer scheduling. For example, members of a community center keep the center in good repair and do each other small favors. First, members of groups depend on each other through shared resources and responsibilities. Members of groups interact with each other differently than with strangers. Between individuals and societies are functional groups of vastly different scales, such as governments, workplaces, churches and households.
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